Sport Enhancing Drugs and Their Dangers
1. Steroids
Among the most common performance-enhancing steroids are:
- Anabolic steroids are so named because they promote the growth and development of muscle tissue, often used to enhance physical strength and athletic performance.
 |
| Sports Steroids and Their Dangers: Performance Enhancing Drugs and Side Effects |
Examples include:
Testosterone, Methyltestosterone, Oxandrolone, Oxymetholone, and Nandrolone (also known as Deca Durabolin).
Side Effects of Steroids:
- Enlargement of breast tissue in men
- Hair loss
- Shrinking of testicles
- Infertility
- Acne
- Increased cholesterol levels
- High blood pressure
- Aggressive behavior
- Stunted growth if used during adolescence
2. Growth Hormone (HGH)
Human Growth Hormone (HGH), also known as Gonadotropin, is naturally produced by the body to stimulate overall growth during childhood and adolescence. Some athletes use it illegally to enhance muscle mass and strength, although its effectiveness is not fully proven.
Side Effects of HGH:
- Joint pain
- Muscle weakness
- Disruption of blood sugar levels
- Heart muscle issues
- Increased cholesterol
3. Erythropoietin (EPO)
Androgenic steroids play a major role in triggering masculine features such as a deeper voice, facial hair growth, and increased muscle mass. It stimulates red blood cell production, allowing more oxygen to reach muscles, which is why it's misused to boost endurance.
Side Effects of EPO:
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone primarily prescribed to patients with chronic kidney disease to combat anemia, as it boosts red blood cell production and helps deliver more oxygen to the body. It increases the risk of:
- Heart attacks
- Strokes
- Pulmonary embolism (lung clots)
4. Creatine
Creatine is a dietary supplement. It's popular among bodybuilders and athletes because it helps muscles produce energy quickly, especially during weightlifting and short bursts of effort.
Side Effects of Creatine:
While it's generally considered safe in proper doses, excessive use can lead to:
- Kidney damage
- Water retention
- Bloating
Note: Although bodybuilding is often seen as a sport that only improves physical appearance, studies show it helps with weight loss, muscle strength, endurance, and injury prevention.
Despite the quick boost in performance that these drugs offer, the side effects and long-term health risks far outweigh any short-term benefit.
Banned Substances in Sports:
Some of the most commonly banned drugs in sports include:
- Central nervous system stimulants (Caffeine, Cocaine, Amphetamines)
- Depressants and narcotics (Heroin, Codeine, Morphine, Diuretics)
- Substances that affect the heart and circulatory system
- Anabolic hormones
- Corticosteroids
Anti-Doping Procedures:
Testing procedures include:
- All players are subject to doping tests. Refusal is considered a violation.
- Random selection may occur before the end of a match, especially for players showing unusual performance.
- Players must report to the testing area within an hour, with an ID and team doctor or coach.
- Urine samples are collected under supervision using numbered bottles.
- Samples are sealed and sent to the lab with a secret ID and code.
- A report is signed confirming proper procedures, in the presence of officials.
Testing Methods Include:
- Blood tests
- Urine tests
- Hair follicle analysis
Penalties for Doping:
In individual sports:
Suspension for 2–3 years and cancellation of all achievements during the doping period.
In team sports:
The team loses the match if one player tests positive. Repeat offenses lead to a 2–3 year suspension and possible disqualification.
Athlete Responsibilities:
- Inform team doctors of any medication taken before or during the competition.
- Avoid any drugs that contain banned substances.
- Learn and follow all anti-doping regulations.
Further Reading & Resources
To dive deeper into this topic and discover safe, science-backed fitness and health strategies, check out these trusted sources:
- World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) – For updated banned substances list and anti-doping rules.
- Mayo Clinic – Performance Enhancing Drugs
- Harvard Health – Steroids and Performance
You can also explore these helpful resources from haelthrh.com:
- Healthy Sports Habits Without Steroids
- Nutrition Tips for Muscle Growth
- How to Naturally Boost Testosterone
Disclaimer
This article is intended for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical or legal advice. The authors and website haelthrh.com are not responsible for any misuse of the information provided. Always consult a healthcare professional before making decisions regarding your health or supplement use.